Your comprehensive guide to shell commands
List directory contents
ls -la
Copy files and directories
cp file.txt backup/
Move or rename files and directories
mv old.txt new.txt
Remove files or directories
rm -rf directory/
Create directories
mkdir -p parent/child
Create empty files or update timestamps
touch newfile.txt
Change the current directory
cd /home/user/documents
Print working directory
pwd
Search for files in a directory hierarchy
find . -name "*.txt"
Find files by name
locate filename
Report a snapshot of current processes
ps aux
Display Linux processes
top
Terminate processes
kill -9 1234
Run a program with modified scheduling priority
nice -n 10 command
Search for patterns in files
grep "pattern" file.txt
Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt
Pattern scanning and processing language
awk '{print $1}' file.txt
Concatenate and display files
cat file.txt
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
ping google.com
Configure network interface parameters
ifconfig eth0
Print network connections, routing tables, etc.
netstat -tuln
OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
ssh user@hostname